Labyrinth [antikvár]

Historical Note In March 1208, Pope Innocent III preached a Crusade against a sect of Christians in the Languedoc. They are now usually known as Cathars. They called themselves Bons Chrétiens-, Bernard of Clairvaux called them Alhigen-sians and the Inquisitional Registers refer to them as 'heretici'. Pope Innocent aimed to drive the Cathars from the Midi and restore the religious authority of the Catholic Church. The northern French barons w^ho joined his Crusade saw an opportunity to acquire land, wealth and trading advantage by subjugating the fiercely independent southern nobility. Although the principle of crusading had been an important fixture of medieval Christian Hfe since the late eleventh century - and during the Fourth Crusade at the siege of Zara in 1204 Crusaders had turned on fellow Christians - this was the first time a Holy War had been preached against Christians and on European soil. The persecution of the Cathars led directly to the founding of the Inquisition in 1233 under the auspices of the Dominicans, the Black Friars. Whatever the religious motivations of the CathoHc Church and some of the Crusade's temporal leaders -such as Simon de Montfort - the Albigensian Crusade was ultimately a war of occupation and marked a turning point in the history of what is now France. It signified the