Studia Slavica Savariensia 1993./1. [antikvár]

Studia Slavica Savariensia 1993./I. 13 KLEMENKO A.P. PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF BELORUSSIAN-RUSSIAN BILINGUISM Belorussian-Russian bilinguism is characterized by a great degree of similarity between the languages. The grammatical structure of both the languages is especially close, the difference doesn't concern the level of categories, it reveals itself only in the ways of their realization, mostly in peripheral cases. The grammatical systems of both the languages has the same categories of gender, case, number. Both the languages have three genders. Differences concern only some peculiarities of the noun distribution of genders mostly evoked by word formational peculiarities of nouns: Bel. pacbJiina (fem.) // Rus. pacreHHe (neutr.) "plant", Bel. ôojibinacfeiib (fem.) //Rus. ôojimiihhctbo (neutr.) "majority". Rarely the same lexemes in both languages can be different genders: Bel. MeflaJifc (masc.) // Rus. MesaJXb (fem.) "medal", Bel. 6ojib (masc.) // Rus. 6ojn> (fem.) "pain", Bel. rycb (fem.) // Rus. ryci. (masc.) "goose", Bel. caôaica (masc.) // Rus. coôaica (fem.) "dog". It goes without saying that different lexemes of the same meaning can be differed in genders. For examples, Bel.anaBX.naHH« (neutr.) // Rus. paccKa3(masc.) "story", Bel. BOKa (neutr.) //Rus. raa3 (masc.) "eye", Bel. napcu,ëiiaK (masc.) //Rus. kojii>u;o (neutr.) "ring", Bel. CTp3.ru>6a(fem.) // Rus.pyjtabë (neutr) "gun" etc. The category of number on which almost all the nouns in both the languages are changed has differences in belonging to classes of pluralia or singularia tantum :Bel. rafl3iHHHK-rafl3iHHHKH // Rus. nacbi (pluralia tantum) "clock", Bel. Jieici (pluralia tantum) // Rus. JieicapcTBO (both the numbers) "medicine" etc. The category of case is differed only in confusion of the affirmation of the non affirmation of vocative as a special case, though in both the languages this case practically exists but in its incomplete status. There are some differences in referring of nouns to a class of indeclinable in both the languages. For example, Bel. naJiiTO is declined, but Rus. naJifcTO "coat" is not.But sometimes it is connected with structural differences of words:Bel.KaBa "coffee" is declined, Rus. KOe - not declined. More considerable differences can be observed in the formal expression of grammatical categories. Firstly, it is connected with different fates of the sound expression of words !unstressed -o- the ending of nominative singular neuter is observed in Rus. (jieTO, oko, yxo,), but in Bel.*o > a: JieTa,BOKa,Byxa. Secondly, not seldom the redistribution of ending used with different substantives took place. For example, the ending -ay (<*-ovl) is widely expanded in Bel., including declension on -a: 4>epMaiO, ÔHTBaio, nymMaio etc. Thirdly , the alternation of r/r, k, x with 3, c, h in Dative and locative on